Cumulative

Card Design

Color-code Parts of Speech

Card Front

Dictionary Information

Abbreviate

Macrons (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)

Essential (2nd conjugation infinitives)

All

Additional Resources:

Total Words Learned: ~325

Comprising Chapters 1-17

Last Updated: 05/01/2025

I. Read the words outloud.
It's true that you will never need to speak to an ancient Roman (unless you learn how to time-travel, in which case please bring me along). However, don't underestimate the importance of pronunciation— it's crucial for understanding components of Latin, especially when you learn new endings to form plural nouns and verb tenses.

There's a reason we spend so much time chanting the words in class. Don't just glaze over the words and make a "blah blah" sound in your head. Remember, the letters in Latin follow consistent rules (unlike in English). Review pronunciation rules here.

II. Write the words down.
You don't necessarily need to make your own hand-written flashcards (it still would be a good idea!) but consider having someone else say the words or press the audio buttons while you write down both the Latin word and its English meaning.

III. Pay attention to parts of speech.
Terms are color-coded by parts of speech:

Verbs
Nouns & Pronouns
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Interjections

You will need to provide dictionary information (the colored info on the back of the cards) starting in Chapter 3 and beyond. Knowing a word's part of speech will help you recognize patterns and translate at a faster rate. Trust me.

IV. Draw nouns.
Who said studying has to be boring? Draw pictures of the nouns, and label them in Latin, of course. I am always happy to see students' creativity at work. Additional drawing activities can be found at the top of the page under "Print-Offs."

V. Act out verbs.
If you need a break from writing, give kinesthetic learning a shot. Say a verb in Latin while acting it out.

VI. Pay extra attention to adverbs and conjunctions !
Students frequently miss these parts of speech on assessments because they are harder to visualize in comparison to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Honestly, you might just need to chant and write them over and over until they stick.

VII. Beware of hindsight bias.
Often, students make the mistake of thinking that they know the English meanings of words when they really don't.

What happens is that students will flip over a card and recognize the correct answer, but they don't truly know the correct answer. Remember, vocabulary quizzes are NOT multiple choice. They require students to produce the correct answer in writing, not identify the correct answer from a set. So before you hastily flip over a card, make sure that you say or write your answer first. If your answer doesn't match the back of the card, you don't know it well enough.

VIII. Avoid meaningless memorization shortcuts.
Remembering that the Latin word for "to live" (habitō, habitāre) starts with the letter "h" might help you on a quiz in the short term, but what about when you learn habeō, habēre? Making sure you thoroughly know a word will pay off in the long run. This is one reason saying the word outloud is helpful. Account for every syllable and for every letter.

IX. Learn derivatives.
Derivatives are English words that come from Latin words. As it turns out, Latin isn't so dead after all!

Example: An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live. (habitō, habitāre = to live)

The SPA Latin teachers have provided some English derivatives in small gray print on the back side of the cards. You can earn extra points on quizzes by providing these (with correct spelling).

n.b. Sometimes, words change meanings over time, so derivatives might not always be helpful. For example, the English word "trade" comes from the Latin "tradō, tradere" which originally meant "to give," rather than "to exchange." All derivatives provided on this site are "safe."

X. Study English to Latin.
You typically will only have to translate from Latin to English. However, if you study English to Latin, this will help ensure that you know the words really well. This is a more difficult skill that takes longer to achieve, even for Latin teachers.

Cumulative

ab/ā

(takes ablative)

from, away from

abeō, abīre

to go away

absum, abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

accidit

(3rd person singular)

(it) happens

(takes accusative)

to, toward

adhūc

still

adiuvō, adiuv‍āre

to help

adveniō, adven‍īre

to arrive

aedificium, aedificiī n.

building

derivative: edify

aestāte

in the summer

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

Adverbs can be placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.

age

(to one person)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

ager, agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

agite

(to multiple people)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

agō, ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

aliī...aliī

some...others

alius, ali‍a, ali‍ud

other, another

alter, alter‍a, alterum

other, another

Flavia puella altera est.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: alter, altera, alterum
(Abbreviated: alter, -a, -um)
alter → masculine
altera → feminine
alterum → neuter

In the example sentence above, altera is chosen to modify puella because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative examples below:

Example 1: Masculine
alter puer ambulat.

Example 2: Neuter
alterum templum est.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

alius, alia, aliud

ambulō, ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amīca, amīcae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus, amīcī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō, am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla, ancillae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus, animī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

aperiō, aper‍īre

to open

derivative: aperture

appāreō, appār‍ēre

to appear

appropinquō, appropinq‍āre

to approach

apud

(takes accusative)

with, among

aqua, aquae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor, arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

Arbor magna est.

An arboretum is a garden full of trees.
An arborist is someone who specializes in taking care of trees.

All nouns in Latin have gender, even if they are inanimate objects or intangible ideas.
Often, nouns that end in -a are feminine, but this is a case in which we just have to memorize the gender with the English meaning.

arripiō, arrip‍ere

to grab

ars, artis f.

skill

derivative: artisanal

ascendō, ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō, aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

aurīga, aurīgae f.

charioteer

baculum, baculī n.

stick

bonus, bon‍a, bonum

good

bōs, bovis m./f.

brevi tempore

in a short time

cadō, cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

caelum, caelī n.

sky

calidus, calid‍a, calidum

warm

canis, canis m./f.

dog

derivative: canine

caupō, caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna, cauponae f.

inn

cavē

(to one person)

be careful!, lookout!

celeriter

quickly

cēlō, cēl‍āre

to hide

derivative: conceal

cessō, cess‍āre

to quit

cibus, cibī m.

food

cisium, cisiī n.

2004 Honda Cisium C-850

cista, cistae f.

chest, box

cīvis, cīvis m./f.

citizen

derivative: civic

clāmō, clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor, clāmōris m.

uproar

commōtus, commōt‍a, commōtum

upset

cōnspiciō, cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

coquō, coqu‍ere

to cook

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

cubiculum, cubiculī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

culpa, culpae f.

fault

cum

(takes ablative)

with

cūnctī, cūnct‍ae, cūncta

all

cūr...?

why...?

Cūr legis?

cūrō, cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

currō, curr‍ere

to run

derivatives: occur, current, course

custōdiō, custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

dēfessus, dēfess‍a, dēfessum

tired

deinde

then

dīcō, dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

diēs, diēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

discēdō, discēd‍ere

to depart

diū

for a long time

doceō, doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dominus, dominī m.

master

derivative: dominate

dormiō, dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō, dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

Dum Cornelia legit, Flavia scribit.

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ecce

look!

Ecce! puellae ambulant.

effugiō, effug‍ere

to run away, escape

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eō, īre

to go

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

epistula, epistulae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus, equī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

erat

(imperfect tense)

she/he/it was

errō, err‍āre

to wander

derivative: erroneous

and

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

etiam

also, even

Cornelia puella etiam est.

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

ex/ē

(takes ablative)

out of

excitō, excit‍āre

to rouse/ wake someone up

derivative: excitatory

exspectō, exspect‍āre

to wait for

faciō, fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fatuus, fatu‍a, fatuum

stupid

derivative: fatuous

felēs, felis m./f.

cat

derivative: feline

fēmina, fēminae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

feriō, fer‍īre

to hit

verberō, verberāre

ferō, ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

ferō, ferre is an irregular verb, so we need to memorize its forms. Maybe this song will help you:

festīnō, festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

fortasse

maybe

fossa, fossae f.

DITCH :(

fragor, fragōris m.

crash

frīgidus, frīgid‍a, frīgidum

cool

frūstrā

unsuccessfully, without success

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

gaudeō, gaud‍ēre

to be glad

gemō, gem‍ere

to groan

gerō, ger‍ere

to wear

habeō, hab‍ēre

to have, hold

habitō, habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live.

haereō, haer‍ēre

to stick or be stuck

derivative: adhesive

hīc

here

hodiē

today

homō, hominis m.

person

hortus, hortī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

hospes, hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iaciō, iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

iam

now, already

Flavia iam sedet sub arbore.

iānua, iānuae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

identidem

again and again

igitur

therefore

ignāvus, ignāv‍a, ignāvum

cowardly, lazy

illud (n.)

that

immōbilis, immōbil‍is, immōbil‍e

motionless

impediō, imped‍īre

to slow down, stop

derivative: impediment

(with ablative)

in, on

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

(with accusative)

into

incitō, incit‍āre

to drive, urge on

note: something else, like an animal

derivative: incitement

incolumis, incolum‍is, incolum‍e

safe, unhurt

induō, indu‍ere

to put on

inquit

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it says

intereā

meanwhile

intrō, intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō, inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

iocus, iocī m.

joke

derivative: jocular

īra, īrae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

īrātus, īrāt‍a, īrātum

angry

derivative: irate

itaque

and so

iter, itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

iter facere

to travel

iterum

again

iubeō, iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō, labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō, lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus, laet‍a, laetum

happy

Laeta est Flavia.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: laetus, laeta, laetum
(Abbreviated: laetus, -a, -um)
laetus → masculine
laeta → feminine
laetum → neuter

In the example sentence above, laeta is chosen to modify Flavia because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative example below:

Example
Laetus est Marcus.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

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latrō, latr‍āre

to bark

legō, leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

lentē

slowly

līberī, līberōrum m.

children

longus, long‍a, longum

long

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

lūdō, lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

lupus, lupī m.

wolf

magnā voce

in a loud voice

magnus, magn‍a, magnum

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

maneō, man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

māter, mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mē

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

meus, me‍a, meum

mihi

for me

miser, ‍misera, miserum

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō, mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

molestus, molest‍a, molestum

annoying

mortuus, mortu‍a, mortuum

DEAD

derivative: mortality

moveō, mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

mox

soon

multī, mult‍ae, multa

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

murmur, murmuris n.

rumble

nam

because

necesse est

it is necessary

nēmō, neminis m./f.

no one

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nesciō, nesc‍īre

to not know

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

nōbīs

for us

nōlō, nolle

to not want

nōlō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I don't want

nōmine

named

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

noster, nostr‍a, nostr‍um

our

novus, nov‍a, novum

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nūbēs, nūbis f.

cloud

nūllus, nūll‍a, nūllum

no, not any

derivative: nullify

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō, observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

omnēs m./f.

(noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

onus, oneris n.

load, burden

parātus, parāt‍a, parātum

ready

parō, par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pars, partis f.

part

pater, patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through

perīculum, perīculī n.

danger

pernoctō, pernoct‍āre

to spend the night

perterritus, perterrit‍a, perterritum

frightened

pēs, pedis m.

foot

derivative: pedestrian

petō, pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pictūra, pictūrae f.

picture

plaustrum, plaustrī n.

wagon

plēnus, plēn‍a, plēnum

full

derivative: plenary

pōnō, pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

porta, portae f.

gate

derivative: portal

portō, port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum, posse

to be able

derivative: possible

poterat

(imperfect tense)

she/he/it was able

potest

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it can

praeclārus, praeclār‍a, praeclārum

famous

praetereā

besides

praetereō, praeterīre

to go past

prīnceps, prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

pro

(takes ablative)

for

procul

in the distance

prōmittō, prōmitt‍ere

to promise

prope

(takes accusative)

near

puella, puellae f.

girl

puer, puerī m.

boy

pulvis, pulveris m.

dust

derivative: pulverize

pūrgō, pūrg‍āre

to clean

quae (f.)

who

quam

quamquam

although

qui (m.)

who

quiescō, quiesc‍ere

to rest

derivative: quiescent

quod

because

quod (n.)

(relative pronoun)

that, which

quoque

also

raeda, raedae f.

carriage

rāmus, rāmī m.

branch

redeō, redīre

to return

relinquō, relinqu‍ere

to leave behind

derivative: relinquish

repellō, repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō, reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō, respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō, revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō, rīd‍ēre

to smile, laugh

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rivus, rivī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

rogō, rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

rota, rotae f.

wheel

derivative: rotation

rūsticus, rūstic‍a, rūsticum

country

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

saepe

often

salūtō, salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

salvē

hello

scelestus, scelest‍a, scelestum

wicked

sciō, sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō, scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

sē

himself, herself, itself

sed

but

sedeō, sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

servus, servī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

silva, silvae f.

woods, forest

derivatives: sylvan, Pennsylvania

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

soleō, sol‍ēre

to usually (do)

solus, sol‍a, solum

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

spectō, spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

stō, st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

strēnuus, strēnu‍a, strēnuum

energetic

derivative: strenuous

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum, esse

to be

Cornelia puella est.

In Latin, just like in English, we have verbs that aren't formed — orconjugated — normally. These are called irregular verbs. In English, we say

I am
you are
it is, etc.

NOT

I is
you am
it be

sum, esse is conjugated as follows:

	Singular	Plural
1st person	sum = I am	sumus = we are
2nd person	es = you are	estis = y'all are
3rd person	est = she is	sunt = they are

Infinitive: esse = to be

Practice the "Esse Chant" to drill how sum is conjugated in the present.

surgō, surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

suus, su‍a, suum

his, her, its (own)

tabellārius, tabellāriī m.

courier, mailman

tacē!

(to one person)

be quiet!

taceō, tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

tacēte!

(to multiple people)

be quiet!

tacitē

quietly

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tantum

only

tardus, tard‍a, tardum

slow

derivative: tardiness

tē

you

note: direct object

temerārius, temerāri‍a, temerārium

reckless

derivative: temerity

temptō, tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus, temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō, ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō, terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō, tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

toga, togae f.

toga

trādō, trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō, trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

tū

you

note: subject

tum

then

tunica, tunicae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

tuus, tu‍a, tuum

your

ubi

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

when

urbs, urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

veniō, ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

verberō, verber‍āre

to beat

derivative: reverberate

vertō, vert‍ere

to turn

derivatives: conversion, vertical, invert

vēstigium, vēstigiī n.

footprint

derivatives: investigate, vestigial

vexō, vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

via, viae f.

road

vīcīnus, vīcīn‍a, vīcīnum

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

videō, vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlicus, vīlicī m.

overseer

vīlla, vīllae f.

house

vir, virī m.

man

vītō, vīt‍āre

to avoid

derivative: inevitable

vocō, voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō, velle

to want

volō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I want

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

vox, vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

vult

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it wants

Sort:

Alphabetically

By Parts of Speech

ab/ā

(takes ablative)

from, away from

abeō, abīre

to go away

absum, abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

accidit

(it) happens

(takes accusative)

to, toward

adhūc

still

adiuvō, adiuv‍āre

to help

adveniō, adven‍īre

to arrive

aedificium, aedifici‍ī n.

building

derivative: edify

aestāte

in the summer

age

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

ager, agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

agite

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

agō, ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

aliī...aliī

some...others

alius, ali‍a, ali‍ud

other, another

alter, alter‍a, alter‍um

other, another

ambulō, ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amīca, amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus, amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō, am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla, ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus, anim‍ī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

aperiō, aper‍īre

to open

derivative: aperture

appāreō, appār‍ēre

to appear

appropinquō, appropinq‍āre

to approach

apud

(takes accusative)

with, among

aqua, aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor, arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

arripiō, arrip‍ere

to grab

ars, artis f.

skill

derivative: artisanal

ascendō, ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō, aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

aurīga, aurīg‍ae f.

charioteer

baculum, bacul‍ī n.

stick

bonus, bon‍a, bon‍um

good

bōs, bovis m./f.

brevi tempore

in a short time

cadō, cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

caelum, cael‍ī n.

sky

calidus, calid‍a, calid‍um

warm

canis, canis m./f.

dog

derivative: canine

caupō, caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna, caupon‍ae f.

inn

cavē

be careful!, lookout!

celeriter

quickly

cēlō, cēl‍āre

to hide

derivative: conceal

cessō, cess‍āre

to quit

cibus, cib‍ī m.

food

cisium, cisi‍ī n.

2004 Honda Cisium C-850

cista, cist‍ae f.

chest, box

cīvis, cīvis m./f.

citizen

derivative: civic

clāmō, clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor, clāmōris m.

uproar

commōtus, commōt‍a, commōt‍um

upset

cōnspiciō, cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

coquō, coqu‍ere

to cook

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

cubiculum, cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

culpa, culp‍ae f.

fault

cum

(takes ablative)

with

cūnctī, cūnct‍ae, cūnct‍a

all

cūr...?

why...?

cūrō, cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

currō, curr‍ere

to run

derivatives: occur, current, course

custōdiō, custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

dēfessus, dēfess‍a, dēfess‍um

tired

deinde

then

dīcō, dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

diēs, di‍ēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

discēdō, discēd‍ere

to depart

diū

for a long time

doceō, doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dominus, domin‍ī m.

master

derivative: dominate

dormiō, dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō, dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ecce

look!

effugiō, effug‍ere

to run away, escape

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eō, īre

to go

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

epistula, epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus, equ‍ī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

erat

she/he/it was

errō, err‍āre

to wander

derivative: erroneous

and

etiam

also, even

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

ex/ē

(takes ablative)

out of

excitō, excit‍āre

to rouse/ wake someone up

derivative: excitatory

exspectō, exspect‍āre

to wait for

faciō, fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fatuus, fatu‍a, fatu‍um

stupid

derivative: fatuous

felēs, felis m./f.

cat

derivative: feline

fēmina, fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

feriō, fer‍īre

to hit

ferō, ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

festīnō, festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

fortasse

maybe

fossa, foss‍ae f.

DITCH :(

fragor, fragōris m.

crash

frīgidus, frīgid‍a, frīgid‍um

cool

frūstrā

unsuccessfully, without success

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

gaudeō, gaud‍ēre

to be glad

gemō, gem‍ere

to groan

gerō, ger‍ere

to wear

habeō, hab‍ēre

to have, hold

habitō, habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

haereō, haer‍ēre

to stick or be stuck

derivative: adhesive

hīc

here

hodiē

today

homō, hominis m.

person

hortus, hort‍ī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

hospes, hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iaciō, iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

iam

now, already

iānua, iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

identidem

again and again

igitur

therefore

ignāvus, ignāv‍a, ignāv‍um

cowardly, lazy

illud (n.)

that

immōbilis, immōbil‍is, immōbil‍e

motionless

impediō, imped‍īre

to slow down, stop

derivative: impediment

(with ablative)

in, on

(with accusative)

into

incitō, incit‍āre

to drive, urge on

note: something else, like an animal

derivative: incitement

incolumis, incolum‍is, incolum‍e

safe, unhurt

induō, indu‍ere

to put on

inquit

he/she/it says

intereā

meanwhile

intrō, intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō, inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

iocus, ioc‍ī m.

joke

derivative: jocular

īra, īr‍ae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

īrātus, īrāt‍a, īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

itaque

and so

iter, itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

iter facere

to travel

iterum

again

iubeō, iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō, labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō, lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus, laet‍a, laet‍um

happy

latrō, latr‍āre

to bark

legō, leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

lentē

slowly

līberī, līber‍ōrum m.

children

longus, long‍a, long‍um

long

lūcet

it is light/day

lūdō, lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

lupus, lup‍ī m.

wolf

magnā voce

in a loud voice

magnus, magn‍a, magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

maneō, man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

māter, mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mē

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

meus, me‍a, me‍um

mihi

for me

miser, ‍misera, ‍miserum

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō, mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

molestus, molest‍a, molest‍um

annoying

mortuus, mortu‍a, mortu‍um

DEAD

derivative: mortality

moveō, mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

mox

soon

multī, mult‍ae, mult‍a

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

murmur, murmuris n.

rumble

nam

because

necesse est

it is necessary

nēmō, neminis m./f.

no one

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nesciō, nesc‍īre

to not know

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

nōbīs

for us

nōlō, nolle

to not want

nōlō (alone)

I don't want

nōmine

named

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

noster, nostr‍a, nostr‍um

our

novus, nov‍a, nov‍um

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nūbēs, nūbis f.

cloud

nūllus, nūll‍a, nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō, observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

omnēs m./f.

(noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

onus, oneris n.

load, burden

parātus, parāt‍a, parāt‍um

ready

parō, par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pars, partis f.

part

pater, patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through

perīculum, perīcul‍ī n.

danger

pernoctō, pernoct‍āre

to spend the night

perterritus, perterrit‍a, perterrit‍um

frightened

pēs, pedis m.

foot

derivative: pedestrian

petō, pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pictūra, pictūr‍ae f.

picture

plaustrum, plaustr‍ī n.

wagon

plēnus, plēn‍a, plēn‍um

full

derivative: plenary

pōnō, pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

porta, port‍ae f.

gate

derivative: portal

portō, port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum, posse

to be able

derivative: possible

poterat

she/he/it was able

potest

he/she/it can

praeclārus, praeclār‍a, praeclār‍um

famous

praetereā

besides

praetereō, praeterīre

to go past

prīnceps, prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

pro

(takes ablative)

for

procul

in the distance

prōmittō, prōmitt‍ere

to promise

prope

(takes accusative)

near

puella, puell‍ae f.

girl

puer, puer‍ī m.

boy

pulvis, pulveris m.

dust

derivative: pulverize

pūrgō, pūrg‍āre

to clean

quae (f.)

who

quam

quamquam

although

qui (m.)

who

quiescō, quiesc‍ere

to rest

derivative: quiescent

quod

because

quod (n.)

(relative pronoun)

that, which

quoque

also

raeda, raed‍ae f.

carriage

rāmus, rām‍ī m.

branch

redeō, redīre

to return

relinquō, relinqu‍ere

to leave behind

derivative: relinquish

repellō, repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō, reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō, respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō, revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō, rīd‍ēre

to smile, laugh

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rivus, riv‍ī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

rogō, rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

rota, rot‍ae f.

wheel

derivative: rotation

rūsticus, rūstic‍a, rūstic‍um

country

saepe

often

salūtō, salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

salvē

hello

scelestus, scelest‍a, scelest‍um

wicked

sciō, sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō, scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sē

himself, herself, itself

sed

but

sedeō, sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

servus, serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

silva, silv‍ae f.

woods, forest

derivatives: sylvan, Pennsylvania

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

soleō, sol‍ēre

to usually (do)

solus, sol‍a, sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

spectō, spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

stō, st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

strēnuus, strēnu‍a, strēnu‍um

energetic

derivative: strenuous

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum, esse

to be

surgō, surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

suus, su‍a, su‍um

his, her, its (own)

tabellārius, tabellāri‍ī m.

courier, mailman

tacē!

be quiet!

taceō, tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

tacēte!

be quiet!

tacitē

quietly

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tantum

only

tardus, tard‍a, tard‍um

slow

derivative: tardiness

tē

you

note: direct object

temerārius, temerāri‍a, temerāri‍um

reckless

derivative: temerity

temptō, tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus, temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō, ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō, terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō, tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

toga, tog‍ae f.

toga

trādō, trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō, trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

tū

you

note: subject

tum

then

tunica, tunic‍ae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

tuus, tu‍a, tu‍um

your

ubi

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

when

urbs, urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

veniō, ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

verberō, verber‍āre

to beat

derivative: reverberate

vertō, vert‍ere

to turn

derivatives: conversion, vertical, invert

vēstigium, vēstigi‍ī n.

footprint

derivatives: investigate, vestigial

vexō, vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

via, vi‍ae f.

road

vīcīnus, vīcīn‍a, vīcīn‍um

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

videō, vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlicus, vīlic‍ī m.

overseer

vīlla, vīll‍ae f.

house

vir, vir‍ī m.

man

vītō, vīt‍āre

to avoid

derivative: inevitable

vocō, voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō, velle

to want

volō (alone)

I want

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

vox, vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

vult

he/she/it wants

Verbs

abeō, abīre

to go away

absum, abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

adiuvō, adiuv‍āre

to help

adveniō, adven‍īre

to arrive

agō, ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

ambulō, ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amō, am‍āre

to love/like

aperiō, aper‍īre

to open

derivative: aperture

appāreō, appār‍ēre

to appear

appropinquō, appropinq‍āre

to approach

arripiō, arrip‍ere

to grab

ascendō, ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō, aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

cadō, cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

cēlō, cēl‍āre

to hide

derivative: conceal

cessō, cess‍āre

to quit

clāmō, clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

cōnspiciō, cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

coquō, coqu‍ere

to cook

cūrō, cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

currō, curr‍ere

to run

derivatives: occur, current, course

custōdiō, custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

dīcō, dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

discēdō, discēd‍ere

to depart

doceō, doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dormiō, dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō, dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

effugiō, effug‍ere

to run away, escape

eō, īre

to go

errō, err‍āre

to wander

derivative: erroneous

excitō, excit‍āre

to rouse/ wake someone up

derivative: excitatory

exspectō, exspect‍āre

to wait for

faciō, fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

feriō, fer‍īre

to hit

ferō, ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

festīnō, festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

gaudeō, gaud‍ēre

to be glad

gemō, gem‍ere

to groan

gerō, ger‍ere

to wear

habeō, hab‍ēre

to have, hold

habitō, habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

haereō, haer‍ēre

to stick or be stuck

derivative: adhesive

iaciō, iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

impediō, imped‍īre

to slow down, stop

derivative: impediment

incitō, incit‍āre

to drive, urge on

note: something else, like an animal

derivative: incitement

induō, indu‍ere

to put on

intrō, intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō, inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

iubeō, iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō, labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō, lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

latrō, latr‍āre

to bark

legō, leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

lūdō, lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

maneō, man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

mittō, mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

moveō, mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

nesciō, nesc‍īre

to not know

nōlō, nolle

to not want

observō, observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

parō, par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pernoctō, pernoct‍āre

to spend the night

petō, pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pōnō, pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

portō, port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum, posse

to be able

derivative: possible

praetereō, praeterīre

to go past

prōmittō, prōmitt‍ere

to promise

pūrgō, pūrg‍āre

to clean

quiescō, quiesc‍ere

to rest

derivative: quiescent

redeō, redīre

to return

relinquō, relinqu‍ere

to leave behind

derivative: relinquish

repellō, repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō, reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō, respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō, revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō, rīd‍ēre

to smile, laugh

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rogō, rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

salūtō, salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

sciō, sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō, scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sedeō, sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

soleō, sol‍ēre

to usually (do)

spectō, spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

stō, st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

sum, esse

to be

surgō, surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

taceō, tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

temptō, tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

teneō, ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō, terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō, tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

trādō, trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō, trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

veniō, ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

verberō, verber‍āre

to beat

derivative: reverberate

vertō, vert‍ere

to turn

derivatives: conversion, vertical, invert

vexō, vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

videō, vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vītō, vīt‍āre

to avoid

derivative: inevitable

vocō, voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō, velle

to want

Verbs (Conjugated)

accidit

(it) happens

age

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

agite

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

cavē

be careful!, lookout!

erat

she/he/it was

inquit

he/she/it says

lūcet

it is light/day

nōlō (alone)

I don't want

poterat

she/he/it was able

potest

he/she/it can

tacē!

be quiet!

tacēte!

be quiet!

volō (alone)

I want

vult

he/she/it wants

Nouns

aedificium, aedifici‍ī n.

building

derivative: edify

ager, agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

amīca, amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus, amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

ancilla, ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus, anim‍ī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

aqua, aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor, arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

ars, artis f.

skill

derivative: artisanal

aurīga, aurīg‍ae f.

charioteer

baculum, bacul‍ī n.

stick

bōs, bovis m./f.

caelum, cael‍ī n.

sky

canis, canis m./f.

dog

derivative: canine

caupō, caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna, caupon‍ae f.

inn

cibus, cib‍ī m.

food

cisium, cisi‍ī n.

2004 Honda Cisium C-850

cista, cist‍ae f.

chest, box

cīvis, cīvis m./f.

citizen

derivative: civic

clāmor, clāmōris m.

uproar

cubiculum, cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

culpa, culp‍ae f.

fault

diēs, di‍ēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

dominus, domin‍ī m.

master

derivative: dominate

epistula, epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus, equ‍ī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

felēs, felis m./f.

cat

derivative: feline

fēmina, fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

fossa, foss‍ae f.

DITCH :(

fragor, fragōris m.

crash

homō, hominis m.

person

hortus, hort‍ī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

hospes, hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iānua, iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

iocus, ioc‍ī m.

joke

derivative: jocular

īra, īr‍ae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

iter, itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

līberī, līber‍ōrum m.

children

lupus, lup‍ī m.

wolf

māter, mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

murmur, murmuris n.

rumble

nēmō, neminis m./f.

no one

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

nūbēs, nūbis f.

cloud

omnēs m./f.

(noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

onus, oneris n.

load, burden

pars, partis f.

part

pater, patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

perīculum, perīcul‍ī n.

danger

pēs, pedis m.

foot

derivative: pedestrian

pictūra, pictūr‍ae f.

picture

plaustrum, plaustr‍ī n.

wagon

porta, port‍ae f.

gate

derivative: portal

prīnceps, prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

puella, puell‍ae f.

girl

puer, puer‍ī m.

boy

pulvis, pulveris m.

dust

derivative: pulverize

raeda, raed‍ae f.

carriage

rāmus, rām‍ī m.

branch

rivus, riv‍ī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

rota, rot‍ae f.

wheel

derivative: rotation

servus, serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

silva, silv‍ae f.

woods, forest

derivatives: sylvan, Pennsylvania

tabellārius, tabellāri‍ī m.

courier, mailman

tempus, temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

toga, tog‍ae f.

toga

tunica, tunic‍ae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

urbs, urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

vēstigium, vēstigi‍ī n.

footprint

derivatives: investigate, vestigial

via, vi‍ae f.

road

vīlicus, vīlic‍ī m.

overseer

vīlla, vīll‍ae f.

house

vir, vir‍ī m.

man

vox, vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

Pronouns

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

illud (n.)

that

mē

mihi

for me

nōbīs

for us

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

quae (f.)

who

qui (m.)

who

quod (n.)

(relative pronoun)

that, which

sē

himself, herself, itself

tē

you

note: direct object

tū

you

note: subject

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

Adjectives

alius, ali‍a, ali‍ud

other, another

alter, alter‍a, alter‍um

other, another

bonus, bon‍a, bon‍um

good

calidus, calid‍a, calid‍um

warm

commōtus, commōt‍a, commōt‍um

upset

cūnctī, cūnct‍ae, cūnct‍a

all

dēfessus, dēfess‍a, dēfess‍um

tired

fatuus, fatu‍a, fatu‍um

stupid

derivative: fatuous

frīgidus, frīgid‍a, frīgid‍um

cool

ignāvus, ignāv‍a, ignāv‍um

cowardly, lazy

immōbilis, immōbil‍is, immōbil‍e

motionless

incolumis, incolum‍is, incolum‍e

safe, unhurt

īrātus, īrāt‍a, īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

laetus, laet‍a, laet‍um

happy

longus, long‍a, long‍um

long

magnus, magn‍a, magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

meus, me‍a, me‍um

miser, ‍misera, ‍miserum

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

molestus, molest‍a, molest‍um

annoying

mortuus, mortu‍a, mortu‍um

DEAD

derivative: mortality

multī, mult‍ae, mult‍a

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

noster, nostr‍a, nostr‍um

our

novus, nov‍a, nov‍um

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nūllus, nūll‍a, nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

parātus, parāt‍a, parāt‍um

ready

perterritus, perterrit‍a, perterrit‍um

frightened

plēnus, plēn‍a, plēn‍um

full

derivative: plenary

praeclārus, praeclār‍a, praeclār‍um

famous

rūsticus, rūstic‍a, rūstic‍um

country

scelestus, scelest‍a, scelest‍um

wicked

solus, sol‍a, sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

strēnuus, strēnu‍a, strēnu‍um

energetic

derivative: strenuous

suus, su‍a, su‍um

his, her, its (own)

tardus, tard‍a, tard‍um

slow

derivative: tardiness

temerārius, temerāri‍a, temerāri‍um

reckless

derivative: temerity

tuus, tu‍a, tu‍um

your

vīcīnus, vīcīn‍a, vīcīn‍um

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

Adverbs

adhūc

still

aestāte

in the summer

celeriter

quickly

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

cūr...?

why...?

deinde

then

diū

for a long time

dum

while

etiam

also, even

fortasse

maybe

frūstrā

unsuccessfully, without success

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

hīc

here

hodiē

today

iam

now, already

ibi

there

identidem

again and again

intereā

meanwhile

itaque

and so

iterum

again

lentē

slowly

mox

soon

nōmine

named

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

praetereā

besides

procul

in the distance

quam

quamquam

although

quoque

also

saepe

often

semper

always

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

statim

immediately

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

subito

suddenly

tacitē

quietly

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tantum

only

tum

then

ubi

where

ubi...?

where...?

Prepositions

ab/ā

(takes ablative)

from, away from

(takes accusative)

to, toward

apud

(takes accusative)

with, among

cum

(takes ablative)

with

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

ex/ē

(takes ablative)

out of

(with ablative)

in, on

(with accusative)

into

per

(takes accusative)

through

pro

(takes ablative)

for

prope

(takes accusative)

near

sine

(takes ablative)

without

sub

(takes ablative)

under

Prepositional Phrases

ad Rōmam‍

(accusative singular)

to Rome

ad urbem‍

(accusative singular)

to the city

ad vīllam‍

(accusative singular)

to the house

ad vīllās‍

(accusative plural)

to the houses

ex agrīs‍

(ablative plural)

out of the fields

ex agrō‍

(ablative singular)

out of the field

in pictūr‍ā

(ablative singular)

in the picture

in piscinā‍

(ablative singular)

in the fishpond

in piscinam‍

(accusative singular)

into the fishpond

per silvam‍

(accusative singular)

through the woods

Rōmam‍

(accusative singular)

to Rome

sub arbore‍

(ablative singular)

under the tree

Conjunctions

aliī...aliī

some...others

and

igitur

therefore

nam

because

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

quod

because

sed

but

sī

ubi

when

Interjections

ecce

look!

salvē

hello

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

Composite

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

Other Phrases

brevi tempore

in a short time

iter facere

to travel

magnā voce

in a loud voice

necesse est

it is necessary

Settings

Additional Resources:

Total Words Learned: ~325

Comprising Chapters 1-17

Last Updated: 05/01/2025

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Irregular Verb Tea

Verbs

Verbs (Conjugated)

Nouns

Pronouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Prepositions

Prepositional Phrases

Conjunctions

Interjections

Composite

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